Resistance to the passage of heat
The requirements of the Building Regulations and practical advice in Approved Document L include provision for insulation to some ground […]
The requirements of the Building Regulations and practical advice in Approved Document L include provision for insulation to some ground […]
When {Portland cement} was first continuously produced, towards the end of the nineteenth century, it became practical to cover the
On sites where the slope of the ground is such that there is an appreciable fall in the surface across
A raft foundation consists of a raft of reinforced concrete under the whole of a building. This type of foundation
On made up ground and ground with poor bearing capacity where a firm, natural bed of, for example, gravel or
Stiff clay subsoils have good bearing strength and are subject to seasonal volume change. Because of seasonal changes and the
Polythene or polyethylene sheet is commonly used as a {damp-proof membrane} with oversite concrete for all but severe conditions of
The trenches which have to be dug for the foundations of walls may be excavated by hand for single small
Ground water (land) drains are laid in trenches at depths of 0.6 and 0.9 m in heavy soils and 0.9
The natural surface of ground is rarely level to the extent that there may be an appreciable slope either across