Glossary

Blending of solid materials for mortar or concrete prior to adding the mixing water.

Around a medieval fortification, a deep, broad trench not filled with water.

A mortar whose constituents are so proportioned that it is markedly stiffer than usual, yet with sufficient water for hydration.

A condition in gypsum plaster caused by water evaporating out of the plaster before it sets. Such plaster is soft,

To ram forcibly a slightly moist portland cement-aggregate mixture into a confined area, as into the space between the top

A concrete mixture sufficiently dry to be consolidated only by heavy ramming.

A partition erected and finished without the application of wet plaster.