A reduction in the thickness of an elastomeric element along the line of an externally applied force.

The widened portion of a beam or girder, such as the horizontal portion of the cross section of a simple-span

A coupling used to connect sections of hubless pipe (i.e., pipe without a hub), acid-resistant cast-iron pipe, or glasspipe; consists

A joint, between two structural members in compression, that transmits the compressive stress from one member to the other.

1. The state of being compressed, or being shortened by a force. 2. The change in length produced in a

The relative resistance (e.g., of a soil mass) to a change in volume upon being subjected to a compressive stress.