The tensile or compressive stress resulting from the application of a nonaxial force on a structural member.

The ability of a structural member to resist breakage when subject to one or more external forces that cause it

A chart showing the shapes and dimensions of every reinforcing bar and the number of bars required on a particular

One of a number of pins in a curved line which are used in bending lead pipe.

A tool used to straighten or to expand flexible pipe, esp. lead pipe.